Last week I wrote a blog post titled “The Screen Between Me and God,” in which I presented some information I recently learned from Nicholas Carr’s book The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains. If you haven’t checked out that post yet, I would encourage you to do so here before reading the rest of this one, since this post is building off of some of Carr’s same research and I don’t care for typing it all out again.
In the previous post, I discussed neuroplasticity and the potentially negative consequences that our modern-day obsession with digital technology may be having. Our constant engagement with the “online life” rewires the way our brains work and alters how we process information. Specifically, we are gaining increased ability in multitasking and scanning information quickly, but we may be sacrificing our skills for reflection and focusing on a single task.
In that post, I also asked what all of this might mean for how we interact with God. If our brains are changing so that it is harder for us to give sustained attention to any one thing, how does this effect my approach to God, particularly in such spiritual practices as prayer, meditation, worship, and Bible study?
But now I would like to shift gears a bit. If digital technology can change how we interact with God, could it also change the way we interact with one another? What impact does the digital age have on our interpersonal relationships?
A few years back, MIT professor Sherry Turkle wrote a book titled Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, and the second half of that book is especially helpful in investigating how technology affects our relationships. From online gaming to social networking to websites where users confess their deepest secrets, Turkle researches the social impact of the smartphones in our pockets and the laptops on our desks, and what she finds ought to give us pause before we next log into Facebook or shoot a text to a friend.
In The Shallows, Carr argues that the Internet causes us to process information in a superficial, surface-level manner. In Alone Together, Turkle takes this a step farther are points out that we may also being approaching each other in a superficial, surface-level manner. As a result, though we are so well-networked and appear to have all sorts of opportunities for intimacy with others, we are experiencing new breeds of solitude (p. 150). We may be “tethered” to each other at all times through social networks, but we are perhaps more emotionally distant from each other than ever before. We think we find belonging in an online “community,” but “it is easy to forget what that word used to mean….Communities are constituted by physical proximity, shared concerns, real consequences, and common responsibilities,” all of which are easy to discard in our various digital communications (pp. 238-239).
Digital technology allows us to create the semblance of closeness while simultaneously keeping others at a safe distance. It’s even gotten to the point that a phone call — once thought of as a great way to communicate with others, especially with those who live far away — is seen as too immediate and personal. Turkle quotes a high school sophomore: “You wouldn’t want to call because then you would have to get into a conversation, [and] that’s something that’s something where you only want to have them when you want to have them.” For this student, that is “almost never…It is almost always too prying, it takes too long, and it is impossible to say ‘good-bye'” (p. 200). Or, as Troy Barnes says in shock of another character on the TV show Community: “She was born in the 80’s! She still uses her phone as a phone!”
In a face-to-face conversation, or even an a phone conversation, you are forced to deal with another person in real time. This is, I would say, an authentic interaction. But in digital communication, whether it’s via a text message, a Facebook post, or an Instagram comment, you get to interact on your own time. “Mobile technology has made each of us ‘pauseable'” (p. 161). If you are in the middle of some other task or some other conversation, you can put that person off to the side for a while. Whenever you speak back, you can edit yourself and your own words to make sure you come off the way you want. In our online interactions, we tinker with the way we present ourselves to the rest of the “community.” Turkle quotes another high school student, who observes, “Online life is about premeditation” (p. 273).
That’s the case even with this very blog post you are reading. I try to be authentic in my writing — that is, to sound like the real me. But what you are encountering is an edited version of me. I’ve been thinking about what I would write for the past several days. Even as I’ve been typing, I’ve been deleting sentences that didn’t make sense and reworking others. If you and I were talking about these things face-to face, there would be more mumbling, more half-finished thoughts, and more awkwardness. The amount of eye-contact would be about the same, however.
Can we really label what we do online “authentic intimacy”? We trick ourselves into thinking we have relational depth because we are digitally connected with so many people around the country and even around the world. But at the same time, we only interact with these others when it is convenient for us. We filter and edit ourselves, often hiding our true thoughts or feelings or the parts of us that might be embarrassing.
Meanwhile, while we focus on remaining to tethered to others online, we so often ignore those who are right in front of us. A couple months ago I was at dinner with friends when we noticed a father and his young son at the table next to us. In decades past, this might have been a great opportunity for a father and son to spend some quality time in conversation. It’s a chance for the father to show his love for his son and to express an interest in the sons life. But instead, the father spent most of the time on his smartphone, while the boy simply looked around the restaurant. It’s was a sad scene, but unfortunately, not an uncommon one. Turkle writes, “Previously, children had to deal with parents being off with work, friends, or each other. Today, children contend with parents who are physically close, tantalizingly so, but mentally elsewhere” (p. 267).
Since I saw that father and child, I have tried to notice similar situations when I see them. And I see them all over the place. Young couples at coffee shops who are both logged onto Facebook on their laptops while sitting across the table from each other. Friends waiting for their food to arrive at restaurants while both checking updates on their phones. And while it’s been easy for me to criticize all of these others, I’ve been disappointed to find myself doing the same things. It’s embarrassing how many times I check the screen of my computer or phone, even when I am in the company of others.
Digital technology permeates our lives in so many ways, and this is perhaps more felt in our relationships. Nearly everyone you meet has a Facebook account. Everyone texts on their phones. So many of us prefer emails and texts over conversations and phone calls. And anyone who relies on “old-fashioned” forms of social interaction is viewed as a bit of a weirdo…as some sort of hopelessly nostalgic aberration.
Last year I deactivated my Facebook account for about nine months. At the time, I thought about writing a blog post outlining my reasons for what can so easily be perceived as a social disconnect, or even as “social suicide.” I decided against writing that post because, quite honestly, it would reveal more problems about me than it would problems about Facebook. But perhaps, in light of the present topic, it may be helpful to share now. So here they are: the four reasons I disconnected from Facebook.
1. It was taking up too much time. I think that most Facebook users can relate to this. The constant stream of new information demands attention. I feared that if I didn’t check my news feed often enough, I would miss some important information and would be out of the loop. Plus, I have a pretty addictive personality as it is. (When I first downloaded the game Temple Run on my iPod a couple years ago, it was seriously about the only thing I did for a week.) With the constant pressures of graduate school, work, and ministry, I realized that I needed to get rid of the time-vacuum known as social networking.
2. I feared that Facebook was actually detrimental to my relationships. This is what I have been talking about for most of this post. We give ourselves the illusion of connection without actually experiencing intimacy. The truth was that I could be on Facebook and never communicate with anyone, and yet still be up-to-date on what was going on in all of my friends’ lives. I didn’t need to ask others how their lives were going because they would fill me and the rest of the world in on it, complete with pictures and status updates. But I realized that there has to be more to relationships than that. So while some might have seen my departure from Facebook as a desire to distance myself from others, it was actually because I wanted to communicate with others on a more meaningful level. It wasn’t because I didn’t want to talk to my friends that I deleted my account. It was because I actually did want to talk with them! Besides, let’s not be naive about what Facebook is. It’s a company, and it is a company whose chief concern is selling advertisements and making money. Facebook has no real concern about the relational health of either you or me, yet as a society, we have delegated a bulk of our social interactions to its interface. Why entrust such a core part of our lives to a for-profit organization?
3. I realized that Facebook was skewing the way that I evaluated myself. I don’t know if anyone can relate to this; maybe it is just me. But what I found was that I had begun to esteem myself based on how much traction I got on social media. If I had enough friends and enough social exchange on the site, then I felt good about myself. If I didn’t, then I felt bad. If I shared a status that I thought was funny, and 50 people “liked” it, then I would be in a good mood that day. But if only five people “liked” it, I would be bummed out. Pathetic, isn’t it? Should my mood really be so affected by how many thumbs-up icons I collect? But there may actually be a science to it. Turkle writes, “Connectivity becomes a craving; when we receive a text or an e-mail, our nervous system responds by giving us a shot of dopamine. We are stimulated by connectivity itself. We learn to require it, even as it depletes us” (p. 227). Activity on a social network can work like a drug. Each notification that popped up would create a need for more. So I learned to value myself only insofar as I was validated by the online “community.” I’m no psychologist, but that didn’t seem healthy to me.
4. Social networks like Facebook invite comparison with others’ lives. And for me, that wasn’t a good thing. As we filter and edit and project our “online selves,” we all tend to share the best of ourselves. We want to look good and happy and fulfilled. But for much of the past few years, I didn’t always feel good and happy and fulfilled. So as I saw status updates from fellow ministers celebrating the growth of their churches, I would become discouraged about my ministry in a struggling congregation. As so many of my peers shared wedding pictures and exclaimed how great their spouses are, I would become increasingly upset about my ultra-singleness. Even when others put up pictures of the food their were having for dinner, I would look at my microwaved hotdogs with disdain. And as much as I was truly happy for my friends and wanted to celebrate the good things in their lives alongside them, I found that I didn’t need a constraint news stream listing ways that my life wasn’t matching up. Again, that probably says more about my own fragile ego than it does about the dangers of social media, but it was a problem that was, at least for me, magnified by the structure of online life. And maybe it has been for you as well.
I will admit that I am back on Facebook today. I could outline the reasons for rejoining, but this is already the longest post I’ve ever written, and I’m not that anyone will read this far anyway. Basically, it came down to a couple dear friends that, for scheduling reasons, it was hard to keep in touch with otherwise. Also, I found that without me sharing my blog posts on Facebook, no one would read them (it’s as though digital technology has brought us all back to a time pre-object-permanence — if we don’t see it on Facebook, it must not exist). But while I am back on the site, I am trying to protect my time, my relationships, and myself more.
Maybe it’s time for all of us to do a little disconnecting, so that we can begin to connect anew. We need to remember what a “relationship” really is. It’s a connection defined by mutual care, mutual edification, and mutual concern. It’s more than sharing information. “The ties we form through the Internet are not, in the end, the ties that bind. But they are the ties that preoccupy” (p. 280). And I don’t know about you, but I want more than preoccupation.
What benefits does digital technology have for relationships? What are its dangers? What can we do to develop more robust relationships in the middle of the digital age?